the graduate essays

the graduate essays The film 'The Graduate' was made in 1967 by Embassy Films. Directed by Mike Nichols with the help of cinematographer Robert Surtees, and co-producer (with Nichols) Lawrence Turman, 'The Graduate' was a number one hit of 1968. From the novel by Charles Webb, Calden Willingham and Buck Henry crafted this superb screenplay. The major players include Elizabeth Wilson, Murray Hamilton, William Daniels, Anne Bancroft, Katharine Ross and Dustin Hoffman.. Benjamin Braddock, raised in a comfortable middle-class home, never having dealt with any major problems in life, graduates from college, and is now left feeling empty and unsatisfied with his accomplishments. His past in uninteresting and his future is uncertain. So, he turns to the first thing offered: an affair with his father's business partner's wife, a woman twice his age, also searching for some relief from her vague, dead-end, wealthy existence. The director has manipulated elements of the frame to suggest confusion and emptiness within the affair. Elements playing significant roles in the mise en scne of this sequence include the placement and staging of the characters in the frame, and the framing techniques. In many places throughout the movie, Benjamin is placed on the far right or the bottom of the frame. He is depicted as insignificant, small, and lost. In other shots, the camera captures him from behind an obstruction, framed, sometimes nearly obscured, by a piece of furniture or another character. In this short display of Benjamin's enjoying his leisure, his face with its blank expression is the dominant image which draws the viewer's eye and fills the screen. Usually when a character is center, it is to draw attention to his impending actions or his power. Staging of the characters and props suggest a lack of human connection and intimacy. The proximity of Ben to other characters is constantly shifting. He floats in the pool, isolated-an island aw...

Finding Chi-Square Functions in Excel

Finding Chi-Square Functions in Excel Statistics is a subject with a number of probability distributions and formulas. Historically many of the calculations involving these formulas were quite tedious. Tables of values were generated for some of the more commonly used distributions and most textbooks still print excerpts of these tables in appendices. Although it is important to understand the conceptual framework that works behind the scenes for a particular table of values, quick and accurate results require the use of statistical software. There are a number of statistical software packages. One that is commonly used for calculations at the introductory is Microsoft Excel. Many distributions are programmed into Excel. One of these is the chi-square distribution. There are several Excel functions that use the chi-square distribution. Details of Chi-square Before seeing what Excel can do, let’s remind ourselves about some details concerning the chi-square distribution. This is a probability distribution that is asymmetric and highly skewed to the right. Values for the distribution are always nonnegative. There is actually an infinite number of chi-square distributions. The one in particular that we are interested in is determined by the number of degrees of freedom that we have in our application. The greater the number of degrees of freedom, the less skewed our chi-square distribution will be. Use of Chi-square A chi-square distribution  is used for several applications. These include: Chi-square test- To determine if the levels of two categorical variables are independent of one another.Goodness of fit test- To determine how well-observed values of a single categorical variable match with values expected by a theoretical model.Multinomial Experiment- This is a specific use of a chi-square test. All of these applications require us to use a chi-square distribution. Software is indispensable for calculations concerning this distribution. CHISQ.DIST and CHISQ.DIST.RT in Excel There are several functions in Excel that we can use when dealing with chi-square distributions. The first of these is CHISQ.DIST( ). This function returns the left-tailed probability of the chi-squared distribution indicated. The first argument of the function is the observed value of the chi-square statistic. The second argument is the number of degrees of freedom. The third argument is used to obtain a cumulative distribution. Closely related to CHISQ.DIST is CHISQ.DIST.RT( ). This function returns the right-tailed probability of the selected chi-squared distribution. The first argument is the observed value of the chi-square statistic, and the second argument is the number of degrees of freedom. For example, entering CHISQ.DIST(3, 4, true) into a cell will output 0.442175. This means that for the chi-square distribution with four degrees of freedom, 44.2175% of the area under the curve lies to the left of 3. Entering CHISQ.DIST.RT(3, 4 ) into a cell will output 0.557825. This means that for the chi-square distribution with four degrees of freedom, 55.7825% of the area under the curve lies to the right of 3. For any values of the arguments, CHISQ.DIST.RT(x, r) 1 – CHISQ.DIST(x, r, true). This is because the part of the distribution that does not lie to the left of a value x must lie to the right. CHISQ.INV Sometimes we start with an area for a particular chi-square distribution. We wish to know what value of a statistic we would need in order to have this area to the left or the right of the statistic. This is an inverse chi-square problem and is helpful when we want to know the critical value for a certain level of significance. Excel handles this sort of problem by using an inverse chi-square function. The function CHISQ.INV returns the inverse of the left tailed probability for a chi-square distribution with specified degrees of freedom. The first argument of this function is the probability to the left of the unknown value. The second argument is the number of degrees of freedom. Thus, for example, entering CHISQ.INV(0.442175, 4) into a cell will give an output of 3. Note how this is the inverse of the calculation we looked at earlier concerning the CHISQ.DIST function. In general, if P CHISQ.DIST(x, r), then x CHISQ.INV( P, r). Closely related to this is the CHISQ.INV.RT function. This is the same as CHISQ.INV, with the exception that it deals with right-tailed probabilities. This function is particularly helpful in determining the critical value for a given chi-square test. All we need to do is to enter the level of significance as our right-tailed probability, and the number of degrees of freedom. Excel 2007 and Earlier Earlier versions of Excel use slightly different functions to work with chi-square. Previous versions of Excel only had a function to directly calculate right-tailed probabilities. Thus CHIDIST corresponds with the newer CHISQ.DIST.RT, In a similar way, CHIINV corresponds to CHI.INV.RT.

The Importance of Translation Experience for Applying to the Position Essay

The Importance of Translation Experience for Applying to the Position of Staff Translator - Essay Example To make such texts I am creative, it means that I can recreate the text to make it understandable for TA. I have an eye for details, so all even small details will be preserved during the translation. I do not mean every language units, some of them translator can omit; because, the sense presents the greatest importance. I am adaptable, therefore I can easily switch the language from one to another. It means that consequent or even simultaneous translation would not be the problem for me. All skills which I have now, I acquired during my education and practice. It means that I aware of the main skills relevant to the position of translator. Though I have no much experience of actually working with languages, I can say that during our practical assignments, translations were carried out clearly and understandable. Moreover, theoretical knowledge means much considering working with languages. Speaking about my personal skills I can underline management skills which allow me to lead a team of translators to bring more effective results and produce translated texts even quicker. Even in the position which supposes independent work, good management skills will be very useful to direct the team to good execution of projects. Management skills also refer to my ability to drive myself to the set aim. One more effective skill that belongs to the personal skills is an ability to maintain good communication. It is useful considering communication with a customer, communication with teammates and at last with an audience, to whom the translation is made. Such skills are inevitable, due to the nature of the profession. All translation is based on the maintaining of communication between two or more people. Therefore, it is good to have such skills considering translation. There are many issues need to be solved during the translation activity and translator should be able to deal with them. Therefore one more effective skill is good problem-solving.  Ã‚  

Shoplifting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Shoplifting - Essay Example The suspect is an alcoholic, unemployed, with no food in his house, leaves in filthy conditions and is a serial shoplifter which he admits to do it again to fund his alcoholism. From the labeling theory perspective, the initial act of shoplifting is normal and it is the interaction with those respond to it that causes deviance. Shoplifting is brought to the notice of police only after it is detected by the staff of shop, detective or public. In Gibben's study of shoplifting from the statistics of "Larceny from Shops and stalls" of 1935-1960, it was showed that the number fluctuated between 1949 and 1955 but have subsequently increased by substantial portions; and from the information presented, he argued that with both adults and children, the numbers are largely dependent upon the arresting and charging policy of the shops and there have been changes in policy between 1949 and 1959 in particular instances.(NG Wai Yee, nd:40-51)2 The suspect admits that he will continue with his practice as it would be difficult to regain his identity and sense of self efficacy. The suspects inclusion in the society will be further outlawed leading to social exclusion which in turn will lead to more incidents of shoplifting and may be other adverse crimes to support his livelihood. Relying on the strain theory, it is evident that suspect has indulged in such acts just because of addiction towards alcoholic materials, which he has admitted.3 From the society's and community's perspective which does not support or provide support to such accused, he should be present before the court as it may do no world of good to him by not confining him. According to Charles A. Sennewald, the only person who can arrest the suspect is the one who has seen it actually happening. The process of 'stop' is to impede or interrupt the customer by the staff to inquire about the transaction and extract a satisfactory explanation. Detention occurs based only on probable cause and the duration is used to investigate the circumstances of the event in which the act has happened. Thereafter is the suspect admits his crime, its up to the manager to call the police who makes an official arrest and the case is transferred from private affair to criminal justice system.4 In some cases, manager can let go the suspect sometimes by taking back the lifted goods or by imposing fines on the lifted goods, etc. In some cases, the staff or manager tend to show sympathy towards such unhappy, unemployed, alcoholic addicted person who has make his livelihood through such felony. But again, such acts may encourage him to commit such crimes again and again which ma y tamper the reputation and costs of the stores and retail shops and other malls, etc. Peter Honey and Alan Mumford developed their learning styles system as a variation on the Kolb model while working on a project for the Chloride Corporation in the 1970's. The stages originated from the work of David Kolb's Learning Styles. The first stage is to have an experience, wherein people use other people's work and rely on their analysis. This style is similar to that of Accommodating Stage where people prefer to work in teams to complete tasks and actively work in the field trying different ways to achieve target. Honey and

Tennessee Williams Essay Example for Free

Tennessee Williams Essay The American theatre public first took notice of The Glass Menagerie by Mississippi-born Tennessee Williams when it was presented in Chicago in December 1944. Opening in New York on March 31, 1945, it ran for more that 500 performances and won both popular and critical acclaim. It is now considered one of the most delicate plays of the twentieth century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Much of the play is drawn from the writer’s own life and perhaps because of this, he invests it with extraordinary realism and poetry. Though the lives of his characters are blighted by frustration and misery, he paints them with the softness of illusion, the patina of tenderness (Krutch, 424). And no wonder: Tom is Tennessee, Amanda is his mother, and Laura is his sister Rose. Williams calls The Glass Menagerie a memory play. Tom, the son, narrates in seven emotionally-charged scenes the events that happened to him, his mother, Amanda Wingfield, and his sister Laura before he deserted them to become a merchant sailor. Extremely unhappy as a shoe-factory worker, Tom, the poet-dreamer, frequently escapes to poetry-writing or the movies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Because Amanda loves her son, she nags him so that he would be more serious about improving himself. Amanda also notes that her delicate, sensitive, helpless Laura will never be able to cope with the realities of making a living. So Amanda asks Tom to invite an eligible bachelor to dinner for his sister. Tom invites Jim O’Connor, a fellow employee at the shoe-factory. Good-natured Jim gradually makes Laura warm up to him, but before the evening is through, he reveals that he is engaged to be married. Shortly after, Tom breaks away from the two women to join the merchant marine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All three are yearning to get out of the coffin of their lives. Tom pines for romance and adventure, which, however, cannot blow the candles of memory out. Amanda escapes from present by retreating to her memories, but for her children she decides quite realistically that the practical, not the romantic, way is the path to an easy life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An interesting feature of the play is the application of William’s theory of expressionism. Because it is a memory play, much leeway is given to â€Å"atmospheric touches and subtleties of direction. In the romantic spirit of expressionism (Young, 506), Williams contends that the truth, life, or reality is an organic thing, which the   poetic imagination can represent or suggest, in essence only those through transformation, through changing into other forms than those which were merely present in appearance. The use of symbols is inline with the expressionistic theory. For instance, the delicate glass unicorn is a symbol for the fragile loner that Laura is. The blue roses, the apartment in the tenement, the fire escape, the alleys, and the dance-hall are all symbolic. Williams experiment with more open forums, and colloquial styles also contributed to the mode of expressionism. Creating stellar roles for actors, especially women, Williams brought a passionate lyricism and a tragic Southern vision.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Besides using the symbols, the author recommends that the use of magic-lantern slides to show titles or images which could stress certain values or the most important phrases. These slides are considered redundant by some critics (Tischler, 232) because the play is self-sufficient—and eloquently so.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Our unconventional or non realistic techniques are the use of the narrator and special lighting to express changes in mood. The stage is kept poetically dim, in keeping the mood of memory while shafts of light draw attention to certain areas or actors. An effective literary accent in the play is provided by the repetition of haunting tune that expresses â€Å"the surface vivacity of life and the underlying strain of immutable and inexpressible sorrow† (Bloomfield, 233).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, not the least of the reasons for the powerfully moving quality of The Glass Menagerie is the dialogue. Williams has accurately recorded every nuance and beat of American speech, giving the language a poetic touch to boot. The language lives, the characters live. As the characters play out their lives before us, our hearts vibrate unfailingly to the play’s humanity and beauty or the beauty of its humanity. Everything in the play contributes to pure theatre magic, the secret of which lies deep in the heart—and the art—of Tennessee Williams. Works Cited Bloomfield, Morton and Eliot, Robert., eds. Great Plays: Sophocles to Brecht. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966. Krutch, Joseph Wood. â€Å"Drama†. The Nation, CLX (April 14, 1945). Tishler, Nancy. Tennessee Williams: Rebellious Puritan. New York: The Citadel Press, 1961. Young, Stark. â€Å"The Glass Menagerie†. The New Rpublic, CXII (April 6, 1945).

Differential Effects of American Destabilization Policy in Chile in the

Differential Effects of American Destabilization Policy in Chile in the 1970s and Cuba in the 1990s Just three years after taking office in 1970, Chile’s military removed the leftist President Salvador Allende from power. In Cuba, nearly forty years after his ascension to power in 1959, Fidel Castro continues to control a communist regime. In Chile in the early 1970s and in Cuba in the early 1990s, the United States exasperated severe economic crises. In addition, the United States attempted to foster political opposition to create ‘coup climates’ to overthrow both leaders. The similarities in these histories end there. Chile’s open, democratic political system allowed the U.S. to polarize the nation, paving the way for Pinochet’s U.S. backed military regime. In Cuba, however, thirty years of tight communist control negated the effectiveness of America’s effort to sow political dissent. This paper explores the impact of explicit American policy to overthrow both leaders, and proposes that divergent political, economic, and military st ructures contributed to vastly different outcomes. The Nixon administration sought to uphold a â€Å"cool but correct† diplomatic stance toward Chile. The fact that Allende was democratically elected forced the Nixon administration to be less explicitly aggressive about their role in Chile, causing them to turn to economics as a primary method for destabilizing the nation. The U.S. sought to â€Å"isolate, weaken and destabilize Chile until the country was ungovernable† in order to create a ‘coup climate.’ Essentially, the U.S. began a long term strategy to destabilize the Chilean government economically, politically, and militarily, looking to exploit all possible weaknesses. Chile wa... ...ly. vol114 no3 (Fall 1999): 387-408. Kornbluh, Peter. The Pinochet File: A Declassified Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability. New York: The New Press, 2003. LeoGrande, William and Julie Thomas. â€Å"Cuba’s Quest for Economic Independence.† Journal of Latin American Studies. vol 34: 342-363. Oppenheim, Lois Hecht. Politics in Chile: Democracy, Authoritarianism, and the Search for Development. 2nd ed. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1999. Otero, Gerardo and Janice O’Bryan. â€Å"Cuba in Transition? The Civil Sphere’s Challenge to the Castro Regime.† Latin American Politics and Society. vol44 i4: 29-57. Pà ©rez-Stable, Marifeli. The Cuban Revolution: Origins, Course, and Legacy, 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. Valenzuela, Arturo. The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes: Chile. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978.

The Secret of Ella and Micha Prologue

Ella I wonder if I can fly? With the wind and rain in my hair and my arms out to the side of me, it feels like it might be possible. Perhaps if I can get enough courage to jump off the thin ledge, I'll soar away into the night, like a bird with powerful wings. Maybe then I could reunite with her. â€Å"What are you doing?† Micha says, his voice higher than normal. â€Å"Get down from there. You're going to hurt yourself.† His aqua eyes pierce me through the rain and his hands are on the beams above his head, hesitant to climb out onto the ledge. â€Å"I don't think I will,† I say. â€Å"I think I might be able to fly†¦ just like her.† â€Å"Your mom couldn't fly.† He balances onto the railing and glances down at the murky water far below our feet. â€Å"What are you on?† â€Å"I took one of her old pills.† I tip my head back and bask my face in the rain. â€Å"I just wanted to see what it was like for her. Why she thought she was invincible.† He steps down on the beam with his arms spanned out to the side and his clunky boots slip on the wet metal. The lightning flashes above our heads and collides with the earth. â€Å"Your mother didn't know better, but you do.† Bracing one hand on the metal wire above our heads, he extends his other hand toward me. â€Å"Now come over here. You're scaring the shit out of me.† â€Å"I don't know if I can,† I say softly, raising my head back up as I rotate to face him. â€Å"I'm not sure if I want to.† He dares a step closer and his thick eyelashes blink fiercely against the down pour. â€Å"Yes, you do. You're stronger than that.† His hand begs me closer. â€Å"Please, just get over here.† Staring down at the black water, my body starts to drift. â€Å"I swear to God, Ella!† Micha shouts, his tone sharp, his muscles tense. â€Å"Give me your hand!† I snap out of my daze and tangle my fingers with his. His other hand captures my waist and he leads us swiftly back to the railing, lifting me over it. My feet settle onto the concrete of the bridge that is pooled with puddles. Lights on the beams illuminate the night and Micha's car is parked in the middle of the bridge with the driver's door open and the engine and headlights on. He hops over the railing and then his arms are around me, embracing me securely, like he's afraid to let go. For a second, it feels okay, weightless and uncontrolled. I tuck my face into his chest, the wet fabric damp against my chilled skin. The scent of him takes me to a place I wish I could go back to – my childhood. Back when things weren't as heavy because I was too immature to grasp the full reality of life. Micha pulls back and smoothes my wet hair out of my eyes. â€Å"Don't you ever do that to me again. I can't do this without you.† But he needs to figure out life without this perception of me, because I don't know how long I can keep doing it without drowning. â€Å"Micha, I†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The look on his face silences my lips. He knows what I'm about to say – he always does. He is my best friend, my soul mate. In a perfect world, full of roses and sunshine we'd be together, but this world is full of broken homes, drunken fathers, and mothers who give up easily. â€Å"I'm sorry.† I cling to him as I say my final good-bye. â€Å"I didn't want to think anymore. It was just too much and my mind wouldn't slow down. But it's alright now. I can think clearly again.† He cups my cheek, his thumb searing hot as he traces the pad lightly across my cheekbone. â€Å"Next time come to me – don't just run. Please. I know things are hard right now, but it'll get better. We've always made it through every single bad thing thrown at us.† Beads of water trickle in his eyelashes, along his cheeks, over his full lips. There's a shift in the air, one I've felt coming for a long time. His lips part. â€Å"Ella, I love – â€Å" I crush my lips against his, hushing him and melting our bodies together. I allow his tongue to caress mine, letting him suck the rain from my bottom lip and savor the taste of me. We arc into each other, like we can't get enough and heat flows through our drenched clothes, warming my skin. I could let it go on forever, but that would be wrong. The girl he thinks he loves needs to disappear. I don't want tonight to be irreversible, so I pull away, breathing him in one last time. Then I walk away, leaving him on the bridge in the rain, along with the old Ella.

7 Days of Prayers for the Souls in Purgatory Essay

PREPARATORY PRAYER My Jesus, by the sorrows You suffered in Your agony in the Garden, in Your scourging and crowning with thorns, in Your journey to Calvary, in Your crucifixion and death, have mercy on the souls in purgatory, and especially on those that are most forsaken; deliver them from the torments they endure; call them and admit them to Your most sweet embrace in paradise, where You live with the Father and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen See more: Homeless satire essay Prayers from The Raccolta (Here say the prayer for the day) 0ur Father Our Father in Heaven, Your Kingdom come; Your will be done on earth, as it is in Heaven. Give us this day our daily bread; and forgive us our sins, as we forgive those who sin against us; and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen. Hail Mary Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with you; blessed are you among women; and blessed is the fruit of your womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us, sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen. Eternal Rest Eternal rest, grant unto them, O Lord; and let perpetual light shine upon them. May they rest in peace. Amen. Concluding Prayer Merciful Father, hear our prayers and console us. As we renew our faith in Your Son, whom You raised from the dead, strengthen our hope that all our departed brothers and sisters will share in His resurrection, who lives and reigns with You and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen. SUNDAY O Lord God omnipotent, I beseech You by the Precious Blood, which Your divine Son Jesus shed in the Garden, deliver the souls in purgatory, and especially that one which is the most forsaken of all, and bring it into Your glory, where it may praise and bless You forever. Amen. Our Father, Hail Mary, Eternal rest, etc. MONDAY O Lord God omnipotent, I beseech You by the Precious Blood, which Your divine Son Jesus shed in His cruel scourging, deliver the souls in purgatory, and among them all, especially that soul which is nearest to its entrance into Your glory, that it may soon begin to praise You and bless You forever. Amen. Our Father, Hail Mary, Eternal rest, etc. TUESDAY O Lord God omnipotent, I beseech You by the Precious Blood of Your divine Son Jesus that was shed in His bitter crowning with thorns, deliver the souls in purgatory, and among them all, particularly that soul which is in the greatest need of our prayers, in order that it may not long be delayed in praising You in Your glory and blessing You forever. Amen. Our Father, Hail Mary, Eternal rest, etc. WEDNESDAY O Lord God omnipotent, I beseech You by the Precious Blood of Your divine Son Jesus that was shed in the streets of Jerusalem while He carried on His sacred shoulders the heavy burden of the Cross, deliver the souls in purgatory and especially that one which is richest in merits in Your sight, so that, having soon attained the high place in glory to which it is destined, it may praise You triumphantly and bless You forever. Amen. Our Father, Hail Mary, Eternal rest, etc. THURSDAY O Lord God omnipotent, I beseech You by the Precious Body and Blood of Your divine Son Jesus, which He Himself on the night before His Passion gave as meat and drink to His beloved Apostles and bequeathed to His Holy Church to be the perpetual Sacrifice and life-giving nourishment of His faithful people, deliver the souls in purgatory, but most of all, that soul which was most devoted to this Mystery of infinite love, in order that it may praise You therefore, together with Your divine Son and the Holy Spirit in Your glory forever. Amen. Our Father, Hail Mary, Eternal rest, etc. FRIDAY O Lord God omnipotent, I beseech You by the Precious Blood which Jesus Your divine Son did shed this day upon the tree of the Cross, especially from His sacred Hands and Feet, deliver the souls in purgatory, and particularly that soul for whom I am most bound to pray, in order that I may not be the cause which hinders You from admitting it quickly to the possession of Your glory where it may praise You and bless You for evermore. Amen. Our Father, Hail Mary, Eternal rest, etc. SATURDAY O Lord God omnipotent, I beseech You by the Precious Blood which gushed forth from the sacred Side of Your divine Son Jesus in the presence and to the great sorrow of His most holy Mother, deliver the souls in purgatory and among them all especially that soul which has been most devout to this noble Lady, that it may come quickly into Your glory, there to praise You in her, and her in You through all the ages. Amen. Our Father, Hail Mary, Eternal rest, etc.

Explore Shakespeares presentation of Romeo Essays

Explore Shakespeares presentation of Romeo Essays Explore Shakespeares presentation of Romeo Essay Explore Shakespeares presentation of Romeo Essay Explore Shakespeares presentation of Romeo: Romeo and Juliet, the story of two star crossed lovers. The story begins by telling us about the Montagues and the Capulets.Two households both alike in dignityMeaning the Montagues and Capulets are both at the same social position, which is assumed to be rather high. The families have both been enemies, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny.Romeo attends a Capulet ball, where he meets Juliet, and little does he know that she is a Capulet, he falls in love with her almost immediately. However, shortly after their meeting they both discover each others names and realize that they are family enemies.My only love, sprung from my only hate. Juliet says, soon after her meeting with Romeo.Their family conflict grounds many problems for their doomed love. The two, without knowledge of their parents marry in secret. However Juliets father has found the perfect match for her, a radiant young man named, Paris. This causes a lot of problems for Rome o and Juliet, and their love for each other, which started out as a happy moment in time, starts to go awfully wrong. Romeo is first introduced as a untroubled and naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve young man, and over the next 3 days he is faced with serious issues and has to deal with some of the major events in his life, such as falling in love, getting married, murder, dealing with banishment and death, and finally taking his own life as he cant live without the girl he loves.At the beginning of the play Romeos father and mother are talking to his Cousin, their nephew, Benvolio. Romeos father is concerned about Romeos behavior, and says that he seems unhappy.Shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out, and makes himself an artificial nightRomeo is behaving in a strange way, but it is clear that he is discontented about something. His father wants to help but Romeo is being so secretive it is impossible to find out what is wrong: But to himself so secret and so closeBenvolio tells Romeos parents he will go and talk to him, and them that he will try and find out what is wrong with Romeo.Romeo tells him that he is in love with a girl, but his love is not returned. Romeo seems to be melancholy and confused about this. He tells Benvolio he is hurt. Benvolio asks him what her name is, but he avoids the question but tells Benvolio that she beautiful, O she is rich in beauty. Benvolio tells him Examine other beauties. He wants Romeo to forget about this girl, there are plenty other beauties. Be ruled by me, forget to think of her.In Act1, scene 2, we find out that the beauty Romeo is in love with is called Rosaline. We also discover that the Capulets are holding a feast, a ball. A servant has a list of names of people invited to the ball. Romeo and Benvolio meet him. Romeo sees that Rosalines name is on the list. Benvolio then persuades Romeo to go to the ball, so he can compare Rosaline to other beauties. Compare her face with some that I shall show, and I will make thee think t hy swan a crow Romeo questions Benvolio: One fairer than my love? Romeo strongly disagrees that there will be a girl with more beauty than Rosaline, but Benvolio tells him that he only think she is so beautiful beacause there was nobody else to compare her with: Tut you saw her fair, none else being by. Romeo agrees to go to the ball to prove him wrong.Act 1, scene 4, just before the Capulet ball. Romeo is miserable; he is still upset over Rosaline, and also worried about how they are going to explain themselves for being at a Capulet party without invitations. Mercutio, Romeos best friend, and Benvolio try to cheer him up, but with little success. They try to get Romeo to enjoy himself but he is reluctant to enjoy himself as he is feeling so depressed. Is love a tended thing? It is too rough, too boisterous, and it pricks like a thorn This is how Romeo is feeling. He has been hurt by love, It pricks like a thorn.Mercutio still tries to encourage Romeo to unwind by joking with him. At the end of this scene Romeo saysI fear too early, for my mind misgives,Some consequence, yet hanging in the stars,Shall bitterly begin this fearful date,With this night revels, and expire the term,Of a despised life closed in my breast,By some vile forfeit of untimely deathRomeo thinks that is written in the stars that the events of the night will lead him to die an early death. He believes that he has mortgaged his life for love.In Act1, scene 5, Romeo sees Juliet for the first time. He asks a serving man who she is What ladys that which doth enrich the hand of yonder knight The serving man does not know and Romeo still doesnt get an answer. He is unaware that Juliet is a Capulet.O she doth teach torches to burn bright Romeo is stunned by Juliets beauty. Romeo uses beautiful phrases to express his feelings and thoughts on Juliet. He immediately falls for Juliet. Did my heart love till now? Forswear is sight, for I neer saw true beauty till this night.Tybalt spots Romeo at his pa rty and informs his uncle Capulet. Capulet tells him to behave himself and not to make mutiny among his guests. Tybalt reluctantly agrees but seeks revenge.Romeo approaches Juliet and speaks to her for the first time. He wants to kiss her straight away, To smooth that rough touch, with a tender kiss. They kiss. Juliet says that he kiss by th book meaning he is a good kisser. The nurse interrupts them, telling Juliet that her mother wishes to speak with her. Romeo asks the nurse who Juliet is. He discovers that she is a Capulet, a family enemy.Is she a Capulet? O dear account, my life is my foes debt?Romeo leaves the party. Juliet also asks what Romeos name is, and the nurse replies, His name is Romeo, and a Montague, the only son of your great enemyJuliet is distressed to learn that her love is the offspring of her family enemy, the Montagues.My only love sprung form my only hate, too early seen unknown, and know too late Juliet means she fell in love with Romeo before she found out his name, and its too late now for her to change her feelings.As Romeo is leaving the party he realizes he is so in love with Juliet, he has to go back to the Capulet Mansion to try and find her. He climbs over the wall into the Capulet orchard. He sees Juliet in the moonlight in an upstairs window. It is the east, and Juliet is the sun To Romeo, Juliet is so bright, and so beautiful; he compares her to the sun. Arise fair sun and kill the envious moon Romeo says that the moon is jealous of her maid Juliet because she is more beautiful. The things he says about Juliet show how much he adores and admires her.Juliet appears, thinking she is on her own, and speaks aloud of her love for Romeo. She talks of how their family names cause problems for them.O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo? Juliet means, Why are you called Romeo Montague? And not another name?She speaks of how Romeo would still be the same person even if he werent a Montague.That which we call a rose, by any other w ord, would smell just as sweetRomeo surprises her when he answers to her thoughts.Juliet says to him So stumblest on my counsel? Meaning he has heard her private thought which she was saying out loud. Juliet asks him how he got there, as the orchard walls are hard to climb. Romeo replies, For stony limits cannot hold out love Romeo is saying that the wall cant keep him away from her. Juliet informs him that if anyone sees him there he will be murdered. Romeo says My life were better ended by their hate, than death prorogued, wanting of thy love. He tells Juliet that he rather be killed by their hatred for him, rather than go on living, waiting for death without her love.She wants Romeo to tell her that he loves her, but she doesnt want any lies. If thou dost love, pronounce it faithfullyJuliet is frightened that Romeo will think she is too forward. In truth fair Montague, I am too fond. An therefore thou mayst think my haviour light She thinks that girls who have skill will play har d to get. The nurse calls Juliet. As she is about to leave Romeo says, O wilt thou leave me so unsatisfied. He begs Juliet to at least exchange vows of love with him. Juliet says she gave him hers before he even requested them.Romeo and Juliet decided to marry. Romeo goes to Friar Lawrence, a man he trusts and has a lot of respect for. He asks for Friar Lawrence to marry him and Juliet. Friar Lawrence senses that Romeo has been out all night, and he questions him. Romeo tells him of his new love for Juliet, a Capulet. Friar Lawrence is surprised that Romeo has fallen for the offspring of his enemy, and also in the sudden change of Romeos attitude and feelings. Just recently he had been upset, confused, and hurt, still in, what he had called love, with Rosaline. He points out that his love for Rosaline must have not been true, and was just infatuation; For doting, not for loving, pupil mine.Young mens love then lies not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes He mean that maybe Rome o thought he loved Rosaline because she was beautiful, and not really for her-his love wasnt in his heart- but in his eyes.Romeo agrees, and realizes his love for Juliet is true. He understands what he felt for Rosaline must have been infatuation. Friar Lawrence also saysThy love did read by rote, that could not spellHe mean that Romeos love for Rosaline, was like someone who, reads, by learning the story off by heart but cannot spell out the letters of what is written.Friar Lawrence accepts that Romeos love for Juliet may be true love, and also might bring their quarrelling families to peace, so he agrees to marry them. It is arranged for Juliet to go to Friar Lawrences cell to be married.After their exchange of vows, Romeo arrives whilst a small quarrel between Tybalt and Mercutio. Tybalt insults Romeo to get a reaction, to provoke him, but as Romeo has just married Juliet, he doesnt want to cause any more problems with his new relation. He keeps calm and doesnt accept Tybalts off er for a fight; Villain I am none. Therefore farewell, I thou knowest me not. Romeo tries telling Tybalt he isnt a bad person, not a villain, and that Tybalt obviously doesnt know him well, he says farewell, he doesnt want to fight. Mercutio is irritated by Romeos cowardliness and challenges Tybalt. They fight. In all the perplexity and confusion, Mercutio is stabbed by Tybalt. He suffers from a fatal wound and dies almost immediately. Romeo is distraught. His best friend, killed by his wifes cousin, and now a relation to him. Romeo is incredibly distressed, and angry with this, and in a rage of fury kills Tybalt.The Montagues and the Capulets have been given punishments from the Prince. The Capulets feel that Romeo should be given a death sentence, but the Prince explains that he only did what the law would have required anyway; the death of Tybalt. Both families are heavily fined, and Romeo is banished from Verona. If he is seen is Verona ever again he will be executed.Both Juliet and Romeo are distraught by this. They feel as if Romeo has been given a death sentence. Will Juliet ever see her new husband again? Oh break, my heart, poor bankrupt, break at once Her heart has lost all its possessions and she feels broke. Tybalt and Romeo have gone.Juliet is confused. She is troubled by the variance of loyalties. The nurse tries to comfort Juliet by criticizing Romeo, but Juliet turns on her. This shows that Juliet obviously feels more for Romeo than she does for Tybalt. Juliet is upset because she thinks she will still be a virgin on her wedding night as she will not be able to see Romeo. The more she thinks about it, the more upset she gets.Whilst at Friar Lawrences cell, Romeo says that his banishment might as well be a death sentence, if he isnt able to be with Juliet any longer. He is completely distraught.Tis torture and not mercy. Heaven is here where Juliet livesThey both receive a visit from the Nurse. She tells Romeo that Juliet is overcome with misery and is crying over the death of her cousin, Tybalt, and the banishment of her loved one, Romeo. Romeo feels as if it is his fault that Juliet is in a miserable state, he doesnt want her to ever have to go through something like this, and he tries to stab himself. Friar Lawrence tells him to pull himself together, as Juliet and him are both still alive, and he still has hope. They plan for Romeo to go to Mantua until things are sorted out. The Nurse arranges a time so Romeo can spend the night with Juliet.The next morning Juliet tries to persuade Romeo to stay. He says he will accept her judgment but he will be risking his life. Juliet then sees it would be best for him to go. This is the only proper time both Romeo and Juliet have together, and Juliet must be sad to see Romeo leave, but she understands what the consequences of him staying are. Romeo only spends one night with his new wife, before he has to leave, he also must feel sad.Farwell, farewell, one kiss and ill descend.Thi s is the last time Romeo and Juliet kiss before their ill-fated destiny takes place.Juliets mother enters her room just as Romeo leaves, and notifies her about her marriage to a radiant young man, named Paris. Juliet is dismayed and tells her mother she refuses to marry Paris. Her Father also enters the room, and she repeats her refusal to him. Her father is livid with her and tells her she is to marry Paris or he will disown her.Juliet is extremely upset and turns to the nurse for help. Oh God! O Nurse how shall this be prevented? She is upset because when she married Romeo she made a promise that she would be faithful to him.Juliet later visits Friar Lawrences cell, and informs him on what happened. Juliet tells him that she would rather kill herself than be married to Paris.Father Lawrence gives her a potion. Juliet is to drink this and it should send her to sleep and make it look like she is dead. She will be taken to the family vault and hopefully wake up to Romeo who will take her to Mantua with him. The Friar will tell Romeo by letter what will be happening. Juliet agrees to this.Meanwhile in Mantua, Romeo never received a letter, but learns other news from his servant. He is told what everyone else think, which is the wrong information. Balthasar tells him that Juliet is dead.Romeo is heartbroken. He thinks the girl he loves, his wife, is not alive anymore, and he will never be able to be with her again. Then I defy you, stars The stars have intended that Juliet shall die and be taken away from Romeo. He is determined not to let that happen. Romeo does not want to live without Juliet; Well Juliet, I will lie with thee tonight. He is willing to take his own life just so he can be with her forever.Romeo goes to an apothecary who is very poor and will be willing to sell him some poison, even though this is illegal. The poison Romeo buys is strong enough to kill twenty men.Romeo makes his way to Juliets tomb and finds Paris there. The two men fight, and Ro meo Kills him. Open the tomb, lay me with Juliet Before Paris died he asked to be placed next to his love, Juliet. It is only then Romeo realizes who he has killed; Mercutios kinsman, noble county Paris!Death, lie thou there, by a dead man interred Romeo is saying that he will kill himself, but he feels dead already, now that he thinks Juliet is gone.Romeo sees Juliet. He is struck by her beauty.Ah dear Juliet, Why art thou yet so fair? Shall I believe that unsubstantial death is amorous? He means bodiless death is in love with Juliet. Swearing that he will stay with her forever, Romeo swallows the poison.Friar Lawrence arrives at the vault, and its at this time Juliet wakes up. Friar Lawrence tells her what has happened, and tries to hurry her out, but she refuses to leave. She to, would rather be dead than live without Romeo. Hearing people coming, she quickly takes Romeos daggers and stabs herself.

Battle of Valmy in the French Revolutionary Wars

Battle of Valmy in the French Revolutionary Wars The Battle of Valmy was fought September 20, 1792, during the War of the First Coalition (1792-1797). Armies and Commanders French General Charles Franà §ois DumouriezGeneral Franà §ois Christophe Kellermann47,000 men Allies Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick35,000 men Background As revolutionary fervor wracked Paris in 1792, the Assembly moved towards conflict with Austria. Declaring war on April 20, French revolutionary forces advanced into the Austrian Netherlands (Belgium). Through May and June these efforts were easily repulsed by the Austrians, with the French troops panicking and fleeing in the face of even minor opposition. While the French floundered, an anti-revolutionary alliance came together consisting of forces from Prussia and Austria, as well as French à ©migrà ©s. Gathering at Coblenz, this force was led by Karl Wilhelm Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick. Considered one of the best generals of the day, Brunswick was accompanied by the King of Prussia, Frederick William II. Advancing slowly, Brunswick was supported to the north by an Austrian force led by the Count von Clerfayt and to the south by Prussian troops under Fà ¼rst zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg. Crossing the frontier, he captured Longwy on August 23 before advancing to take Verdun on September 2. With these victories, the road to Paris was effectively open. Due to revolutionary upheaval, the organization and command of the French forces in the area were in flux for most of the month. This period of transition finally ended with the appointment of General Charles Dumouriez to lead the Armà ©e du Nord on August 18 and the selection of General Franà §ois Kellermann to command the Armà ©e du Centre on August 27. With the high command settled, Paris directed Dumouriez to halt Brunswicks advance. Though Brunswick had broken through the fortifications of the French frontier, he was still faced with passing through the broken hills and forests of the Argonne. Assessing the situation, Dumouriez elected to use this favorable terrain to block the enemy. Defending the Argonne Understanding that the enemy was moving slowly, Dumouriez raced south to block the five passes through the Argonne. General Arthur Dillon was ordered to secure the two southern passes at Lachalade and les Islettes. Meanwhile, Dumouriez and his main force marched to occupy Grandprà © and Croix-aux-Bois. A smaller French force moved in from the west to hold the northern pass at le Chesne. Pushing west from Verdun, Brunswick was surprised to find fortified French troops at les Islettes on September 5. Unwilling to conduct a frontal assault, he directed Hohenlohe to pressure the pass while he took the army to Grandprà ©. Meanwhile, Clerfayt, who had advanced from Stenay, found only light French resistance at Croix-aux Bois. Driving off the enemy, the Austrians secured the area and defeated a French counterattack on September 14. The loss of the pass forced Dumouriez to abandon Grandprà ©. Rather than retreat west, he elected to hold the southern two passes and assumed a new position to the south. By doing so, he kept the enemys forces divided and remained a threat should Brunswick attempt a dash on Paris. As Brunswick was forced to pause for supplies, Dumouriez had time to establish a new position near Sainte-Menehould. The Battle of Valmy With Brunswick advancing through Grandprà © and descending on this new position from the north and west, Dumouriez rallied all of his available forces to Sainte-Menehould. On September 19, he was reinforced by additional troops from his army as well as by the arrival of Kellermann with men from the Army du Centre. That night, Kellermann decided to shift his position east the next morning. The terrain in the area was open and possessed three areas of raised ground. The first was located near the road intersection at la Lune while the next was to the northwest. Topped by a windmill, this ridge was situated near the village of Valmy and flanked by another set of heights to the north known as Mont Yvron. As Kellermanns men began their movement early on September 20, Prussian columns were sighted to the west. Quickly setting up a battery at la Lune, French troops attempted to hold the heights but were driven back. This action did buy Kellermann sufficient time to deploy his main body on the ridge near the windmill. Here they were aided by Brigadier General Henri Stengels men from Dumouriezs army who shifted north to hold Mont Yvron. Despite the presence of his army, Dumouriez could offer little direct support to Kellermann as his compatriot had deployed across his front rather than on his flank. The situation was further complicated by the presence of a marsh between the two forces. Unable to play a direct role in the fighting, Dumouriez detached units to support Kellermanns flanks as well as to raid into the Allied rear. The morning fog plagued operations but, by midday, it had cleared allowing the two sides to see the opposing lines with the Prussians on the la Lune ridge and the French around the windmill and Mont Yvron. Believing that the French would flee as they had in other recent actions, the Allies began an artillery bombardment in preparation for an assault. This was met by return fire from the French guns. The elite arm of the French army, the artillery, had retained a higher percentage of its pre-Revolution officer corps. Peaking around 1 PM, the artillery duel inflicted little damage due to the long distance (approx. 2,600 yards) between the lines. Despite this, it had a strong impact on Brunswick who saw that the French were not going to break easily and that any advance across the open field between the ridges would suffer heavy losses. Though not in a position to absorb heavy losses, Brunswick still ordered three assault columns formed to test the French resolve. Directing his men forward, he halted the assault when it had moved around 200 paces after seeing that the French were not going to retreat. Rallied by Kellermann they were chanting Vive la nation! Around 2 PM, another effort was made after artillery fire detonated three caissons in the French lines. As before, this advance was halted before it reached Kellermanns men. The battle remained a stalemate until around 4 PM when Brunswick called a council of war and declared, We do not fight here. Aftermath of Valmy Due to the nature of the fighting at Valmy, the casualties were relatively light with the Allied suffering 164 killed and wounded and the French around 300. Though criticized for not pressing the attack, Brunswick was not in a position to win a bloody victory and still be able to continue the campaign. Following the battle, Kellermann fell back to a more favorable position and the two sides began negotiations regarding political issues. These proved fruitless and the French forces began extending their lines around the Allies. Finally, on September 30, Brunswick had little choice but to begin retreating towards the border. Though the casualties were light, Valmy rates as one of the most important battles in history due to the context in which it was fought. The French victory effectively preserved the Revolution and prevented outside powers from either crushing it or forcing it to even greater extremes. The next day, the French monarchy was abolished and on September 22 the First French Republic declared. Sources: History of War: Battle of ValmyBattle of Valmy

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 73

Journal - Essay Example Additionally, I do not understand how change in time as well invention of technology will in any way change a humble person to a narcissist. Despite of these confusions however, I conquer with the opinion of O’Brien that the current young people lack cognitive empathy. This is evidenced by the neglect of young people towards each other not only at school, but also in other social amenities. At least the article makes me know that I am not I my own world when I consider current youths self-centered in their activities. In addition to expounding my understanding of the challenges of the young people, today’s reading also boosts my writing skill by introducing me to new vocabularies. It also expounds my reasoning and as a result enables me to learn how my courses relate to each other. Additionally, today’s reading enhances practicability of what we read before by detailing on what takes place in the current society. Although I do not understand how O’Brien carried out his research worldwide and came up with the conclusion that human empathy is declining with time, I do agree that his article was educative and