Cultural Diversity A Cultural Assessment, Diagnosis And...

Engaging into the importance of multicultural competence, awareness of such competency has become a significant necessity in the area of mental health, and various fields of psychology (Hayes, 2008). It is essential for a counselor to be multicultural competent in order to develop a therapeutic alliance with a client, while understanding their cultural identity. Therefore, culturally competent knowledge, attitudes, and skills of diverse culture, is necessary, in proper treatment and diagnosis. Nonetheless, the complexity of cultural diversity can contribute to challenges in assessment, diagnosis and or treatment. It is further understood; by understanding one’s social history, psychosocial history, presenting problems, along with other pertinent information regarding a cultural responsiveness in a diagnosis, and how it would be beneficial to individuals of various social, ethnic, and other minority groups in order to make a treatment plan based on the findings of a cultural assessment (Sue Sue, 2013). Nonetheless, cultural influences, often neglected, are needed to incorporate the challenges cultural groups face when seeking treatment. Therefore, I have found it applicable to use â€Å"ADDRESSING,† framework in therapy as a resource for developing cultural and relevant assessments in addition to the onset symptoms presented in the client in the case study of Mrs. Hudson. The use of â€Å"ADDRESSING† acronym is designed to obtain age, developmental and physical disabilitiesShow MoreRelatedInterpersonal Assessment1354 Words   |  6 PagesSetting and How Assessment Methods are Applied The client of the supervisee was of the Latino descent. They form a small minority in the United States of America. However, all Latino—most of whom have emigrated from different Latin American countries—share the same culture. Most of them are Spanish speakers and practice Roman Catholicism. The Latin Americans have familism as their most fundamental value, that is to say, the family is at the center of their individual identities. And also, simpatiaRead MoreImportance of Nursing Theory Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pages The concepts of Leininger’s theory of cultural diversity will be discussed in relation to how it impacts patient care. The key concepts of Leininger’s theory and their relationships with one another will be summarized as well as its relationship to nursing education. Importance of Nursing Theory During any given day, a nurse will utilize multiple nursing theories. These theories guide how a nurse treats patients, how tasks are performed, assessments completed and interventions establishedRead MoreMulticultural Competency Essay909 Words   |  4 PagesEthical and Multicultural Self-Assessment Importance of ethical and multicultural competency to the practice of professional psychology is to â€Å"know thy cultural self† is the recommended motto for trainees with regard to two developmental tasks: self-exploration about ones own cultural heritage and understanding and valuing the differences of others† (Roysircar, 2004). Roysircar (2004) said that being able to embrace diversity into your approach to assessment and discretion is an essential partRead MoreCulture and Cultural Competency in Health Promotion1674 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: CULTURE AND CULTURAL COMPETENCY IN HEALTH PROMOTIO Culture and Cultural Competency in Health Promotion Grand Canyon University Family Centered Health Promotion NRS-429V Renita Holmes May 17, 2012 Culture and Cultural Competency in Health Promotion In nursing school, nurses are trained to value and understand individuals from many different cultures, maintaining the rights and dignity of each individual. In today’s society, nurses are responsible for interacting and caring for individualsRead MoreCultural Competency For A Successful Profession1414 Words   |  6 PagesCULTURAL COMPETENCY IN NURSING For a successful profession, cultural competence should be put into consideration to create an environment that favors better communication. Since migration of people across the globe has increased, it has resulted to a population that is ethnically diverse. Nurses must therefore interact with a diversified community, hence the need to learn about their culture. When involved in a work team, the following disciplines should be considered: valuing diversity, having theRead Morehealth history and screening of an adolescent or youg adult client1112 Words   |  5 Pages The population of the U.S. keeps increase to be a diversity nation. As they emerge to one nation, they share common concerns about life such as health and quality of life. Providing effective health care to diverse ethnic group, cultural minority group, need to have proper assessment tool for assessment for their cultural needs, beliefs, and their traditional health care practice. The Heritage Assessment Tool create effective assessment of background of people include age, gender, family structureRead MoreCulturally Appropriate Care Planning Essay1896 Words   |  8 Pagesbut because culture is also learned within the family, there are cultural differences among individuals (Euromed, n.d.). Assessment and communication have a large impact on care planning and for this paper, I will describe the key components that entail a comprehensive cultural assessment, examine how two of the components affect my attitude when providing culturally diverse care, and create two diagnoses that reflect cultural diversity with a discussion of the rationale, intervention and evaluationRead MoreCu ltural Competence Of Health Care994 Words   |  4 PagesCultural Competence in Health Care Kelsie Anastasio Physical Assessment NRSG 2223 Mrs. Suzie Shalver East Central University Ardmore Campus Spring 2016 Culture has more than one definition. It can be defined as the language spoken throughout a group of people or even the beliefs practiced. In the professional field of nursing, nurses are required to do more than administer medication or change bandages on a patient. To be able to fulfill a nurse’s job requirements, a nurse must learn to be culturallyRead MoreAssignment Questions On Mastering Competencies1137 Words   |  5 PagesChapter 14 addresses the clinical assessment. As I have learned in my experience and in my psychopathology course, it is important to understand the potential dangers of the assessment and providing a diagnosis. There are different perspectives on what a diagnosis means, and how that can impact a client is very important to be aware of. The clinician must be aware of the client’s cultural stigma attached with receiving mental health services and how a diagnosis can impact them. The chapter talksRead MoreThe Impact Of Communication And Cultural Differences On Occupational Therapy Practice1491 Words   |  6 Pages Impact of Communication and Cultural Differences on Occupational Therapy Practice A group reflection on communication and cultural differences has been undertaken to deliberate on and examine the resulting impacts on occupational therapy (OT) practice. As such, we have collectively chosen to define culture as â€Å"†¦a way of life for a group (society) that is shared and learned. Culture is not confined to observable phenomena nor is it bounded or static† (Farmer et al., 2012, p. 243). It involves

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( Free Essays

A landmark court case that occurred in the early 1950†³s resulted in the desegregation of public schools. This historic Supreme Court case was known as Brown vs. Board of Education. We will write a custom essay sample on National Association for the Advancement of Colored People ( or any similar topic only for you Order Now The place was Topeka, Kansas, 1951. A little girl named Linda Brown and her father, Oliver Brown, attempted to enroll Linda in a neighborhood elementary school that accepted whites only. The request was denied, by the White elementary school. The little girl only lived a few blocks from the White elementary school, which would have been a good fit for her. Instead, she ended up traveling about a mile each day to attend the nearest Black school. Mr. Brown decided to request the help of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The NAACP was glad to help in the fight. Mr. Brown and the NAACP moved forward and challenged the segregation law. In 1892, the Plessy vs. Ferguson decision had set a precedent for the issue of â€Å"separate but equal,† which had been applied to school in the Southern states since then. Parents in other states were also pursuing the challenge to the â€Å"separate but equal† doctrine in South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware. Mr. Brown†s case was heard by the U. S. District Court for the District of Kansas. The request by Mr. Brown was to prohibit segregation of the public schools in Topeka. The NAACP argued to the court that separating Black children from White children was sending a wrong type of message to the Black children. The message being sent was that Black children were somehow inferior to Whites and that there was no way that the education being provided could be equal. On the other hand, the Board of Education argued that segregation was a fact of life in the states where these children attended school, and that segregated schools helped prepare the children for the reality of what their adult lives would be like (Robinson 2005). The Board of education went on to cite different successful educated American, none of whom attended integrated schools, such as Frederick Douglass, George Washington Carver, and Booker T. Washington. In handing down their decision, the judges in this case wrote that â€Å"colored children†¦ † suffered a â€Å"detrimental effect† from segregation of the schools (Robinson 2005). However, they believed that the legal precedent set by the Plessy vs. Ferguson case prevented them from issuing the requested injunction and the result was that they ruled in favor of the Topeka Board of Education. Mr. Brown and the NAACP appealed the case and it went to the United States Supreme Court in the latter part of 1951. The case was combined with the Delaware, Virginia, and South Carolina cases. The Supreme Court handled this case very delicately and deliberated for quite sometime. The case was first heard by the Supreme Court, but a decision was not made at that time. Various interpretations of the Fourteenth Amendment were discussed and whether the Plessy vs. Ferguson case had violated it. The case was heard again by the Supreme Court in December of 1953. Thurgood Marshall, who was the first African American Supreme Court Justice, gladly argued for Brown and the NAACP. Finally, a decision was made. On May 17, 1954, the U. S. Supreme Court issued the following decision: â€Å"†¦ Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities may be equal, deprive the children of the minority group of equal education opportunities? We believe that it does†¦ We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of â€Å"separate but equal† has no place†¦ (Brown vs. Board 1954). The Supreme Court tasked the nation with implementing this historic decision with deliberate speed. Recognizing the value of education, the court ruled unanimously in favor of equity. The Supreme Court declared that education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments. It prepares our children for later professional training and in helping him to adjust normally to his environment. The court also declared that it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. But the vagueness of the phrase combined with continued bigotry slowed the process, in some cases to a standstill. With the segregation of public schools declared unconstitutional, segregationists across the South sprang into action to prevent the implementation of public school integration. Some states began to pass state laws to uphold segregation, which then had to be challenged in court by the federal government, one by one, delaying black children from attending White schools. Councils began to be developed, by segregationists, to fight against desegregation. One of the most dramatic occurred in Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957, when White mobs screamed threats at nine Black high school students and blocked them, as they tried to go into their new school for the first time. The Black students were unsuccessful, unfortunately. The president at the time was President Eisenhower, of whom ended up calling in the National Guard to protect them so they could enter the school. President Eisenhower had to call in the National Guard to escort black children to an Arkansas school that refused to integrate. Other communities used different tactics to resist. In Virginia, schools closed rather than desegregate. Elsewhere, some white families migrated to suburbs. Some black parents kept their children in the same black schools to avoid conflict. Families who chose white schools under freedom of choice plans, allowing black children attend any school in a district, received threats. In at least one instance, a cross was burned outside the home of a family. Across the nation, the 1954 Supreme Court decision brought forth dreams of heightened hope and yet resistance, as well. According to Benjamin Mays, the backbone of segregation had been broken. Martin Luther King expressed that the decision was a joyous day-break after a long desolate midnight (Moss 2004, 63). In conclusion, school desegregation was not an issue that was resolved overnight; rather, it was the persistence of those against segregation and the realization of the unequality that it was enduring upon our children that pushed the historic decision that will never be forgotten. Fifty years after the decision was made, it stands to reason that generations of U. S. students have benefited from its relief. The ruling spawned other protectionist laws, Title IX, for example, which specifically extends Brown’s principles to gender, that prohibit noncompliant institutions from receiving federal funds, and it cleared the educational paths of millions of minority students. Yet today, people’s impressions of the impact of the decision vary as widely as their personal experiences. Baby boomers recall a time of expanded opportunity and change, while younger generations, nowadays, feel that the current classroom compositions are what they are, with the law behind them, the issue simply fills the pages in their history books. Although the Brown case directly addressed racial discrimination in public schools, the case has had great significance for women, as well. The Brown vs. Board of education decision was the legal decision necessary to stop segregation in its tracks. By the time the decision was handed down by the Supreme Court, Linda Brown had already moved on to attend middle school. How to cite National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (, Papers

International Business for High Skilled Workers - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theInternational Business for High Skilled Workers. Answer: Migration of High Skilled Workers in Australia in IT and Education and Porter Diamond Model Background Skilled workers in the Information and technology sector have been witnessed to migrate from other Australia to other parts of the world. Migration of these workers can be resulted by a number of factors which may vary from IT and Education. There is also a model of the Porter Diamond that can be used very effectively to understand the concept of the migration of the skilled workers and suggesting ways on how the industries and different organizations in Australia to retain the skilled workers. The model would as well help the companies to compete globally and resemble a diamond (Cavusgil, 2014, p.104). Migration of High Skilled Workers in IT and Education; Australia The Information and technology industries in Australia, such as; IBM, Canon, Cityrix and Fujitsu have experienced migration of their skilled workers together with education industries in both private and government sector. One of the causes to this problem is the issue of the firm strategy. Due to the high competition between these companies in Australia, Information Technology positions that can accommodate these workers is limited. The IT industries has been faced with high competition which in turn is not productive as expected. According to this model, competition can hike due to the demand condition and the nature of the customers. When the demand for the product is low in Australia, there is less job opportunities and therefore, workers may migrate to other places. Small organizations in Australia, like the ones that are in specific regions like New South Wales, Victoria or any other region but are not international are as well leading to migration of the skilled workers. According to the model, there is the issue of the related supporting industries. The domestic industries in Australia that are IT based like Telstra and Computershare have acted so well in equipping the workers with high quality standards skills. Afterwards, the company workers achieve the international standards in the IT knowledge. They migrate to other countries or other organisation for higher security of their skills and job as well as well-paying jobs. (Riasi, 2015, p.18). There are also other factors like technological innovations, infrastructure and also capital that can arise for the companies. For instance, when a new ICT strategy is to be implemented in the broadcasting corporations in corporate countries, it is possible for the Australian workers to move to those places so as they can facilitate it because Australia has qualified IT experts from the related supporting industries in the state. Workers migrate from the Australian education industries because of the chances around them. It is a result of more specific benefits that the workers ought to secure. Exchange rates, wars and decisions that may be taken by a foreign government can arouse the quest to migrating from an Australian industry to those countries. When there is a higher demand for high skilled experts in outside Australia, the education experts are more likely to shift attention towards migration to those states. Australia is known for giving education industries a high priority and thus, trained workers in different disciplines have been migrating every year, for instance, there are very many Australian Educators in Asia who have migrated due to various reasons. References Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014. International business. Pearson Australia. Fainshmidt, S., Smith, A. and Judge, W.Q., 2016. National Competitiveness and Porter's Diamond Model: The Role of MNE Penetration and Governance Quality. Global Strategy Journal, 6(2), pp.81-104. Khoo, S.E., 2014. Attracting and retaining globally mobile skilled migrants: policy challenges based on Australian research. International Migration, 52(2), pp.20-30. Riasi, A., 2015. Competitive advantages of shadow banking industry: An analysis using Porter diamond model. Business Management and Strategy, 6(2), pp.15-27.

The National Museum of Australia

The purpose and the site context of the building The National Museum of Australia (NMA) remains one of the most memorable and magnificent structure in Australia. Architects, Ashton McDougall and Robert Peck designed the NMA.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The National Museum of Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The building occupies an 11 hectare site in Canberra, Australia’s national capital, in Acton Peninsula at the edge of Lake Burley Griffin. The idea of NMA came from an International Design Competition in 1997. NMA is a post-modern building that shows different collections of history and culture. It does not take the root of traditional museum. The outstanding feature in the NMA is the huge loop at the main entrance on the Uluru line. The NMA building has houses of 6600 square metres. These are mainly individual spaces, and exhibition space, which form jigsaw puzzle and a semicir cle at Acton. There is widespread and extensive use of colour both inside and outside. The building has â€Å"varied and vibrant colours, such as orange, gold, crimson, black, bronze, and brushed silver† (NMA, 2012). NMA has a smooth texture consisting of â€Å"anodised aluminium panels that cover most of the walls, and smooth concrete surface† (NMA, 2012). There is an artistic work of Braille words forming raised and sunken holes. The entrance has a huge Hall. The Hall has a wide â€Å"inlet for light and a great open space of curving walls, ceilings, and windows† (NMA, 2012). People see the Hall as a large rope. They say that it is a knot that joins Australia as a country, joining them together in history, and in their stories. After the Hall, there are three levels of exhibition spaces and designs. Colour is significant here in reflecting Australian stories.Advertising Looking for critical writing on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your f irst paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fig 1: A view of NMA Historical and or cultural references for the building The NMA has varied National Historical Collection of Australia’s history as its main attraction. There are other collections too. The NMA holds this treasure of a diverse collection in trust for the country. Historically and culturally, the NMA research works, collections and representations concentrate on three inter-related fields. The first one explores the diversity of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, enduring Indigenous attachment to country and contributions to Australian society. The second focuses on the Australian history and society since 1788, which focuses on the history of settlement in Australia and the development of the nation’s political, social and economic life since British colonisation of the continent. Finally, there is people’s interaction with the Australian environment (NMA, 2012). This studies the relati onships between people and their places, the evolution of distinctly Australian landscapes and reactions to environmental challenges. The above three areas closely â€Å"relate to each other, and a number of NMA collections relate to more than one field† (NMA, 2012). The National Historical Collection of Australia has â€Å"one of the world’s largest collections of barks paintings and the collection of the former Australian Institute of Anatomy, including the racehorse Phar Lap’s heart† (NMA, 2012). A part from these, NMA also has different collections of â€Å"historical vehicles, politics and politicians’ materials, collections of convict tokens, and mass collection of Aboriginal breastplates† (NMA, 2012).Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on The National Museum of Australia specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The NMA also has a dynamic collection of other attractio ns. However, by any international standards, NMA collections do not match some of the leading world museums. It mainly consists of â€Å"collections donations, objects from other government’s agencies, and some acquired through purchases† (NMA, 2012). Macarthur notes that the NMA development relies on â€Å"the reports of Pigott of 1975 and that of National Museum of Australia Act 1980† (Macarthur, 2001). The NMA also creates and keeps important archival and academic and educational collections. These collections are essential in the provision of extra information and historical studies for the NMA collection. Challenges or opportunities in the project associated with context, access, site conditions and or the construction program The use of cast steel for a structural framework is not without its problems. In order to give steel the necessary liquidity, it must contain a relatively high level of alloy elements. This makes it brittle and unfit for welding and w ithstanding high temperatures. Some brackets, such as Gerberette brackets are difficult to join using welding. Therefore, constructors joined them to other parts of the structure using pinned connections (Addis, 1994). The basic design of the steelwork is fairly straightforward with a logical primary or secondary element arrangement configured to minimise element size and at the same time, satisfying the various requirements specific to this particular building. The geometries of the space trusses and primary elements are highly complex. Great ingenuity and inventiveness are necessary in order to realise the design economically on the very difficult curvilinear and tapering site plan, without compromising the architectural opportunities of the construction.Advertising Looking for critical writing on architecture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A crucial challenge occurs in connection with the fabrication of trusses. This is devising an economical way of coping with variations in the span and height that occurs due to tapering, curvilinear form of the plan. This needs some aspect of standardization be incorporated to avoid the program from becoming totally uneconomic. In addition, there is complexity of the geometry of the primary structural elements. The opportunities to solve these challenges are the uses of the â€Å"weldable† cast-steel joint components. Therefore, architect team must become much involved with the design of the structure, particularly with the visual aspects of the complicated connections and the architects and engineers. Consequently, team work is mandatory so as to produce a building that works well both visually and technically. On the other hand, there are opportunities that exist due to use of steels in construction of huge buildings. The main advantage of using steel in a large building is its ability to reduce construction time and program. The large and single panels of steels allow contractors to put up a section of the building at one time. There is no need for separating other framing, insulating and sheathing requirements on site. In some case, some steel materials come as pre-cuts and fixed to include doors and windows sections, curves, arches and difficult shapes. Still, in some cases, the electrical holes are readily done in the frame works. Steels are very strong and are structurally self-supporting. Constructors can use them in roofs, walls and floor systems instead of other building materials. NMA has successfully used steel in most of its walls, stairways, floors, and supporting structures. In walls, steels carry high loads and offer maximum strength in holding the building. The nature of steel enables it to work as a material for exterior and interior walls, to resist earthquakes and high winds. In some roofing instances, steel eliminated the use of tru ss system in cases where there was less than 20 feet in design measurement. This enabled NMA to have open interior spaces and almost eliminated the need for intermediate structural supports. The use of steel reduced the construction costs and waste materials. Readily made steel materials need no further modifications. The use of steel eliminated most environmental impacts that come from other building materials. Steels also come from recyclable materials, thus, ensure environmental safety. NMA has good indoor air and light quality due to use steel in walls. It also created tight envelope around the building to reduce possible entrance of air pollutants. How characteristics and use of the selected material (steel) has influenced the  design, the building form, the structural assembly, component parts and or the building’s construction processes These works of steels are not only the beauty of the NMA, but also pointers to a complex and diverse geometrical works by which the constructors imagined the famous axes of the NMA, which lay out as joined and knotted on the site. NMA design exploits the use of steel to create spiral staircase. Steel offers varieties of designs which are also durable. Steel also enabled the constructors to customize their looks in terms of height, handrails, diameter, and balusters to meet the design needs of NMA. They also blend well with any kind of preferred colour coating. The NMA designers clad steel materials in areas such as walls, canopies, columns windows, lifts, staircases, panels, and NMA facades using different steel materials and a choice of finishes. Some NMA metal cladding applications include â€Å"the satin finish stainless steel, and anodised aluminium panels, which create magnificent walls and windows in NMA† (NMA, 2012). Some of the striking features of the metal cladding are â€Å"the spherical wedge and curved panels forming the interface between vertical and horizontal elements of the building† (Macdonald, 2000). The use of steel influenced some of the structural features that needed stainless steel. The designers created some of the striking designs in NMA. These features include customised themes of stainless steel staircases, tapered bars, balustrades elements of handrails and stanchions, curves of elevations, and different painted steel frames, which create outstanding period effects. In roofing, steel materials play significant roles in the diagonal tie rods on the upper floors of NMA building. The steel rods holds the structures to avoid swaying and make it comfortable for the visitors because they support the building structurally. There are also striking steel features on the building faà §ade, which are open on the exterior walls to keep the design intent visible and influence the history and cultural experiences of the Australians. The steel shapes and other features reflect the designers design intent. They played a significant role in determining the design of the ground- floor lobby, Halls, and other interior features. The most of the building features are steels including the columns that consist of steel cladding. This is not common in most museums. The steels cover both the interior and exterior of the building as a deliberate attempt to cover the preferred architectural features. How the decision to use steel has contributed to the architectural intent of the building: Aesthetic Strength to reflect history of the country Steel is strong, flexible and durable building material. It has influenced both engineering and architectural designs and intent throughout steel structures. Steel is also recyclable and can withstand extreme environmental conditions. Steel has influenced architectural intent in NMA building aesthetically. It shows beauty, history, and culture. The exposed and shining features of different colours show elegance and lightness (Macdonald, 2000). The elegance of the coated steel itself was important in the design. The painted steel columns and walls on the outside and in the lobby are the basic components of the NMA building and are all significant to the material itself. Thus, steel is one of the crucial and integral intent of architectural expressions. Fig 3: Lobby: Steel Aesthetic architectural intent Structural steel is among the most used materials in most landmark buildings. However, most designers choose to bury them in the concrete, walls, columns and building faà §ade and hide their elegance. However, designers of the NMA building decided to expose steel structures in the building and cover them with different coats to enhance the design intent and building aesthetics. The use of steel also presents challenges to engineers. For instance, the NMA building has a high visibility of steel structures and features, which is a problem in achieving such desired designer’s intent. Thus, managing the architectural intent and designers can present serious challenges in implementation of the design. Steel played a significant role in achieving the designers’ intent of architectural invention of its kind, a collection of cultural allusions, visual spins, and architectural symbolism of history. The NMA building shows a high level of scrutiny and consciousness of details in size, proportion, connection and joinery of the steel structures particularly around the rope knot that signifies the unity of Australians in a single country. These ideas had to meet the intent of different designers, architectures, and other stakeholders. The ability to sculpt steel and create pieces of art in a building cannot yield concrete result with inflexible approaches. Steel works well alongside other materials. In addition, it has both the strength and flexibility that is necessary in creating shapes, forms and sizes to fit desired architectural expressions. These are the qualities that make the steel suitable for designing air and light inlets across the walls. The beauty enhan ced by steel presented serious challenges to the design and engineering groups. For instance, the NMA building had to conform to the international and national safety and occupancy requirements. In most cases, steel building must be fireproof, meeting this requirement and maintaining aesthetic beauty is a serious challenge. Thus, painting on the exterior had to meet safety requirements and maintain aesthetic beauty. The steel structure developed parts of large and small steel columns and beams stretching from the building basement and supporting the vertical and horizontal weight, which increases as the building becomes large. The architectures did not fix the steel structures as they were available with their standard measurements, but rather the architectural and design teams took the reduction in size and manipulated it so that the plate sizes drop off in a controlled and planned manner that helped create the building’s feature of strength, lightness and beauty. Fig 4: St eel beam structures and strength of the structure The oval steel thread is not only the symbol of the NMA building, but also an indicator to a complex and thorough work of geometrical designs by which the architects created the knots that show the relationship of Australians in a single country. The looping effect does not cross and pull the building together. Instead, it enlarges the NMA building to point the edges of the surrounding water as the area planning and design intent required. The design procedures also allowed some elements of arts and history to influence the museum in presenting the history of Australia as woven and joined together. The architectures’ idea of symbolism found its place well incorporated in the NMA building ideology. The two axes represent strings and a forced five-sided creation that visitors cannot easily see but separate the building into different parts. We must understand that the NMA building is on remarkable due to application of the lates t computer technology (Davies, 1988). This allowed the teams to design, perform sheet and material cutting, and carry out survey. Still, the building â€Å"geometry is not clear to any layman, and it is difficult and almost impossible to understand it even with the design diagrams† (Macarthur, 2001). Thus, such building’s geometry remains hard to understand and always open to misconceptions in interpretation. We can compare the NMA building geometry and architectural intent to that of S. Ivo della Sapienza of Rome designed by Borromini. Borromini applied a feature of â€Å"a six-pointed star both to create the structural design of the segmented roof and to stimulate the symbol of wisdom† (Macarthur, 2001). Conversely, the geometrical features do not conform to the building elements that it has created. The star is behind the veil, which clearly differentiates life and time experience from the complete and unchanged world of symbols. Scholars note that Borromini wanted to represent â€Å"a five-sided figure as the sign of Christ represented in His five wounds, and if one thinks, with the baroque, that interpretation is infinite, then the string which makes up the NMA can be the Redeemer as well as Griffin’s axes† (Macarthur, 2001). Describe and analyse at least two details that contribute to the quality of the work and shall include (evidence of, and reference to, at least one interview the student has undertaken with the building’s architect, and/or engineer and/or other key stakeholder(s) in its design and/or construction An interview with Aston Raggat McDouglla, Architect in the NMA building construction Question: What is your comment on the design flexibility? Answer: â€Å"The design of the structure takes advantage of flexibility of steel and uses cutting edge construction technique†. The architectures had steel precast parts customised to match design intents and requirements in plants. This is useful in f abricating complex size, shapes, sizes, and certain technical specification. In the absence of prefabrication, complex and detailed designs may be tedious to construct, or the desired quality may be difficult to get on the site using normal construction tools. Precasting provides wide and flexible design opportunities and several designs of the same shapes and sizes that lead to economies in a construction. Fig 5: Precast wall Question: What is your view on quality of external wall and stability of the structure? Answer: â€Å"The overall stability of the structures required careful thought due to the many eccentricities from leaning columns and non-symmetrical arrangements†. The alignment, upright arrangements and smooth surface finishes of external wall steel contributes to building facade. Most precast wall panels need no thorough finishing before the last finishing begins. Techniques such as scaffolding are not necessary in the finishing works. This provides opportunitie s to have clean, and safe working environment for fast construction activities. Fig 6: External walls Question: What is your take on dry and clean construction and material usage on the NMA? Answer: â€Å"The NMA construction was complex and unconventional with limited wastages of materials due to dry and clean construction†. Steelwork increases productivity because it is a dry construction. External wall metal cladding consisting of aluminium and glass, which work together with steelwork to enhance fast construction progress ensure dry and clean construction. The strict specifications for steel framing and cladding systems enhance to a better quality finishing. Workers can avoid scaffolding in installation of external wall structures by using tower cranes. Use of tower crane reduces difficulties associated with scaffolding. Reference List Addis, W 1994, The Art of Structural Engineer, Artemis, London. Davies, C 1988, High Tech Engineer, Thomas and Hudson, London. Macarthur , J 2001, ‘Australian Baroque: Geometry and Meaning of the National Museum of Australia’, Architecture Australia, vol. 4, 1-5. Macdonald, A 2000, The Engineer’s Contribution to Contemporary Architecture: Anthony Hunt, Thomas Telford Ltd, London. NMA 2012, National Museum of Australia, https://www.nma.gov.au/explore This critical writing on The National Museum of Australia was written and submitted by user Lydia Bradford to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.